COPING STRATEGIES, SELF-EFFICACY, AND PERCEPTION AMONG FAMILY CAREGIVERS FOR POST-STROKE SURVIVORS IN INDONESIA

Vione Deisi Oktavina  Sumakul; Hari Basuki Notobroto; Shrimarti  Rukmini Devy

doi:10.37268/mjphm/vol.22/no.1/art.1253

Vione Deisi Oktavina Sumakul Stikes Gunung Maria, Tomohon, Indonesia.
Hari Basuki Notobroto Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Shrimarti Rukmini Devy Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Population Studies, and Health Promotion, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.22/no.1/art.1253

Keywords: coping strategies, family caregivers, stroke, self-efficacy, perception

Abstract

Family caregivers experience stress and burden while caring for post-stroke survivors. Coping strategies are needed to deal with the stress, especially problem emotional-focused coping. The stress adaptation model states that coping was influenced by self-efficacy. Meanwhile, ABC Hill model explained that perception also had effects on coping. The purpose of this study was to analyze factors that affected coping among family caregivers for post-stroke survivors, especially self-efficacy and caregiver perception. This study used cross-sectional design and also used self-report questionnaire. It was conducted from October 2020 – April 2021. Sample of this study was family members who take care the family member with post-stroke, and the post-stroke survivors already post hospitalized between 6 months to 3 years. Total sample was 200 family caregivers in 7 health care centers, Tomohon City, Indonesia. We used PLS to estimate the hypothesized fit with the data. T statistic was used to include or exclude the hypotheses (t-statistic >1.96). All path coefficients were significant. Self-efficacy had a positive effect on problem emotional-focused coping (β= 0.177; t-value= 0.030, R²=0.078). In addition, the caregiver perception had a positive effect on problem emotional-focused coping (β= 0.188, t-value = 2.248, R²=0.175). Managing self-efficacy and perception among caregivers are needed to improve problem emotional-focused coping

References

1. Association AH. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Update Fact Sheet At-a-Glance 2021 [cited 2021 13 July]. Available from: https://www.heart.org/-/media/phd-files-2/science-news/2/2021-heart-and-stroke-stat-update/2021_heart_disease_and_stroke_statistics_update_fact_sheet_at_a_glance.pdf.
2. Lindsay MP, Norrving B, Sacco RL, et al. World Stroke Organization (WSO): global stroke fact sheet 2019. SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England; 2019.
3. RI K. Laporan hasil riset kesehatan dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia tahun 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kemenkes RI. 2018:5-10.
4. Riskesdas T. Riskesdas 2018: Laporan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Lembaga Penerbit Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2018.
5. Kuptniratsaikul V, Kovindha A, Suethanapornkul S, et al. Long-term morbidities in stroke survivors: a prospective multicenter study of Thai stroke rehabilitation registry. BMC geriatrics. 2013;13(1):1-9.
6. Blake H, Lincoln NB, Clarke DD. Caregiver strain in spouses of stroke patients. Clinical rehabilitation. 2003;17(3):312-7.
7. Kaminishi KS, Safavi R, Hirsch CH. Caregiver burnout. Geriatric Psychiatry: Springer; 2018. p. 691-708.
8. Association AH. What Is Caregiver Burnout? 2012 [cited 2021 13 July]. Available from: https://www.stroke.org/-/media/files/health-topics/answers-by-heart/what-is-caregiver-burnout.pdf?la=en.
9. Han B, Haley WE. Family caregiving for patients with stroke: review and analysis. Stroke. 1999;30(7):1478-85.
10. Bernhardt J, Dewey H, Thrift A, et al. Inactive and alone: physical activity within the first 14 days of acute stroke unit care. Stroke. 2004;35(4):1005-9.
11. Belagaje SR. Stroke rehabilitation. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2017;23(1):238-53.
12. Stinear CM, Lang CE, Zeiler S, et al. Advances and challenges in stroke rehabilitation. The Lancet Neurology. 2020;19(4):348-60.
13. Good DC, Bettermann K, Reichwein RK. Stroke rehabilitation. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2011;17(3):545-67.
14. Rhoda A. Knowledge of nurses regarding dysphagia in patients post stroke in Namibia. curationis. 2015;38(2):1-7.
15. Mackenzie A, Perry L, Lockhart E, et al. Family carers of stroke survivors: needs, knowledge, satisfaction and competence in caring. Disability and rehabilitation. 2007;29(2):111-21.
16. Zeiler SR. Should we care about early post-stroke rehabilitation? Not yet, but soon. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2019;19(3):1-9.
17. Menon B, Salini P, Habeeba K, et al. Female caregivers and stroke severity determines caregiver stress in stroke patients. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology. 2017;20(4):418.
18. Yigitalp G, Surucu HA, Gumus F, et al. Predictors of caregiver burden in primary caregivers of chronic patients. International Journal of Caring Sciences. 2017;10(3):1168.
19. Caro CC, Costa JD, Da Cruz DMC. Burden and quality of life of family caregivers of stroke patients. Occupational therapy in health care. 2018;32(2):154-71.
20. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping: Springer publishing company; 1984.
21. Stuart G. Psychiatric Of Nursing Edisi 9. Mosby: USA Elsevier. 2013.
22. McCubbin HI, Patterson JM. The family stress process: The double ABCX model of adjustment and adaptation. Marriage & family review. 1983;6(1-2):7-37.
23. Yeh PM, Chang Y. Use of Z arit B urden I nterview in analysis of family caregivers' perception among T aiwanese caring with hospitalized relatives. International journal of nursing practice. 2015;21(5):622-34.
24. Alliance FC. Caregiver Statistics: Demographics 2021 [Available from: https://www.caregiver.org/resource/caregiver-statistics-demographics/.
25. Andrén S, Elmståhl S. Relationships between income, subjective health and caregiver burden in caregivers of people with dementia in group living care: a cross-sectional community-based study. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2007;44(3):435-46.
26. Lutz BJ, Young ME. Rethinking intervention strategies in stroke family caregiving. Rehabilitation Nursing. 2010;35(4):152-60.
27. Gallagher-Thompson D, Wang P-C, Liu W, et al. Effectiveness of a psychoeducational skill training DVD program to reduce stress in Chinese American dementia caregivers: results of a preliminary study. Aging & mental health. 2010;14(3):263-73.
28. Salas BL, Rodríguez VY, Urbieta CT, et al. The role of coping strategies and self-efficacy as predictors of life satisfaction in a sample of parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. Psicothema. 2017;29(1):55-60.
29. Devonport TJ, Lane AM. Relationships between self-efficacy, coping and student retention. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal. 2006;34(2):127-38.
30. Liu Y, Wei M, Guo L, et al. Association between illness perception and health behaviour among stroke patients: The mediation effect of coping style. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2021;77(5):2307-18.