NEEDLESTICK INJURY CASES AND ADHERENCE TO THE FOLLOW-UP PROTOCOL AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN SELANGOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.18/no.1/art.315Keywords:
guideline adherence, needlestick injuries, health personnel, post-exposure prophylaxis, blood-borne pathogensAbstract
Needlestick injury (NSI) is a serious occupational hazard against healthcare workers (HCWs) in a hospital setting with multiple implications, thus adherence to post-NSI management including follow-up protocol is crucial.This research was conducted to describe the distribution of NSI cases among HCWs working in Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH)’s hospital in Selangor and adherence to a follow-up protocol, as well as the factors related to it.This was a cross-sectional quantitative study reviewing retrospectively all notified NSI cases in January-September 2016. Data were taken from Sharps Injury Surveillance (SIS) system and analyzed into descriptive and analytical statistics.There were 143 notified NSI cases. The majority of the cases were female (76.2%), Malay(60.1%), medical doctors(56.6%) and in a medical-based department (44.8%). The median age of NSI cases was 27 years old (IQR:5) and median years of employment was 1.5 (IQR:4.5). Most cases happened in a ward setting (58.7%) involving contaminated (95.8%) hypodermic needle (43.4%), occurred mostly during the procedure of drawing blood (23.1%). Only86.7% of NSI cases were source-known and some were tested positive with blood borne pathogens. However, no occurence of seroconversion among the injured HCWs detected. The overall adherence rate to the follow-up protocol was 72.3%. Multiple logistic regression yielded significant association between age, gender, department, device contamination, procedure conducted and source HBV status with adherence to follow-up of post-NSI protocol. Further comprehensive studies involving more determinants such as therapy-related factors and potential interventions are needed to optimize adherence rate to the follow-up protocol post-NSI.
References
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29. Escudero DV, Furtado GH, Medeiros EA. Healthcare worker adherence to follow-up after occupational exposure to blood and body fluids at a teaching hospital in Brazil. Ann OccupHyg. 2015; 59(5):566-71.
30. Jin J, Sklar GE, Vernon MSO, et. al. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance : A review from the patient’s perspective. Therapeutic and clinical risk management 2008; 4(1) 269-286.
31. Nermine MTF, Noha SME, Yasmine HMS. Safe injection procedures, injection practices, and needlestick injuries among health care workers in operating rooms. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 2017.
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33. Lee LK, Hassim IN. Implication of the prevalence of needlestick injuries in a general hospital in Malaysia and its risk in clinical practice. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2005; 10(1):33-41.
34. Memish ZA, Assiri AM, Eldalatony MM. Risk analysis of needle stick and sharp object injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital (Saudi Arabia). J Epidemiol Glob Health 2013; 3(3):123-9.
35. Lo WY, Chiou ST, Huang N, et. al. Long work hours and chronic insomnia are associated with needlestick and sharps injuries among hospital nurses in Taiwan: A national survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;64:130-136.
36. Chakravarthy M, Singh S, Arora A, et. al. Epidemiology of sharp injuries– Prospective EPINet data from five tertiary care hospitals in India – Data for 144 cumulated months, 1.5 million inpatient days. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2014; 2(3):121-126.
37. Trinkoff AM, Le R, Geiger-Brown J, et. al. Work schedule, needle use, and needlestick injuries among registered nurses. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007; 28(2):156-64.
2. MOH. Quality assurance manual: Incidence rate of needlestick injuries among health care workers within the ministry of health (second edition). Occupational Health Unit MOH 2002.
3. MOH. Sharps injury surveillance manual (first edition). Occupational Health Unit MOH 2007.
4. Sin WW, Lin AW, Chan KC, et. al. Management of health care workers following occupational exposure to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and human immunodeficiency virus. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22(5):472-477.
5. Miceli M, Herrera F, Temporiti E, et. al. Adherence to an occupational blood borne pathogens exposure management program among healthcare workers and other groups at risk in Argentina. Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases2005; 9(6), 454-458.
6. Bhardwaj A, Sivapathasundaram N, Yusof M, et. al. The prevalence of accidental needle stick injury and their reporting among healthcare workers in orthopaedic wards in General Hospital Melaka, Malaysia. Malaysian Orthopaedic Journal 2014; 8(2), 6–13.
7. Cho E, Lee H, Choi M, et. al. Factors associated with needlestick and sharp injuries among hospital nurses: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2013; 50(8):1025–1032.
8. Mehrdad R, Atkins E H, Sharifian SA, et. al. Psychosocial factors at work and blood-borne exposure among nurses.The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2014; 5(1):32-9.
9. Najma R, Hafiza MJ. Prevalence of needle stick injuries among health care providers. International journal of endorsing health science research 2013; 1(2).
10. Kebede G, Molla M, Sharma HR. Needle stick and sharps injuries among health care workers in Gondar city, Ethiopia. Safety Science 2012; 50(4):1093-1097.
11. Panlilio AL, Orelien JG, Srivastava PU, et al. Estimate of the annual number of percutaneous injuries among hospital-based healthcare workers in the United States, 1997-1998. Infect Control HospEpidemiol 2004; 25(7):556-62.
12. Choi LY, Torres R, Syed S, et al. Sharps and needlestick injuries among medical students, surgical residents, faculty, and operating room staff at a single academic institution. Journal of Surgical Education 2016; 74(1):131-136
13. Nagandla K, Kumar K, Bhardwaj A, et. al. Prevalence of needle stick injuries and their underreporting among healthcare workers in the department of obstetrics and gynaecology. International Archives Of Medicine 2015; 8.
14. Mohsen AH, Mohammad SL. Behavior of healthcare workers after injuries from sharp instruments. Trauma Monthly 2013; 18(2):75-80.
15. Tarantola A, Abiteboul D, Rachline A. Infection risks following accidental exposure to blood or body fluids in health care workers: A review of pathogens transmitted in published cases. Am J Infect Control 2006; 34:367-375
16. De CG, Abiteboul D, Puro V. The importance of implementing safe sharps practices in the laboratory setting in Europe. Biochem Med (Zagreb) 2014; 24:45-56
17. Prüss-Üstün A, Rapiti E, Hutin Y. Sharps injuries: Global burden of disease from sharps injuries to health-care workers. Geneva, World Health Organization 2003.
18. Collins CH, Kennedy DA. A review – microbiological hazards of occupational needlestick and sharps injuries. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 1987; 62:385?402.
19. Sepkowitz KA. Occupationally acquired infections in health-care workers. Part II. Annals of Internal Medicine 1996; 125(11):917?928
20. Sohn JW, Kim BG, Kim SH, et. al. Mental health of healthcare workers who experience needlestick and sharps injuries. J OccupHealth 2006; 48:474–479
21. Smith DR, Choe MA, Jeong JS, et. al. Epidemiology of needlestick and sharp injuries among professional Korean nurses. J Prof Nurs. 2006; 22(6):359-66
22. Green B, Griffiths EC. Psychiatric consequences of needlestick injury. Occup Med (Lond) 2013; 63(3):183-8.
23. Mannocci A, De CG, Di BV, et. al. How much do needlestick injuries cost? A systematic review of the economic evaluations of needlestick and sharps injuries among healthcare personnel. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology 2016; 37(6):635–646.
24. Adefolalu A. Needle stick injuries and health workers: A preventable menace. Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research 2014; 4(Suppl 2):S159–S160.
25. Behrman AJ, Shofer FS, Green-McKenzie J. Trends in bloodborne pathogen exposure and follow-up at an urban teaching hospital: 1987 to 1997. J Occup Environ Med 2011; 43:370–6.
26. LekhrajRampal GR, Rosidah Z, Whye Sook L, et. al. Needle stick and sharps injuries and factors associated among health care workers in a Malaysian hospital. European Journal of Social Sciences 2010; 13(3): 354-362
27. Martins A, Coelho AC, Vieira M, et. al. Age and years in practice as factors associated with needlestick and sharps injuries among health care workers in a Portuguese hospital. Accident Analysis & Prevention 2012; 47:11-15.
28. Ko NY, Yeh SH, Tsay SL, et. al. Intention to comply with post-exposure management among nurses exposed to blood and body fluids in Taiwan: application of the theory of planned behaviour. J Hosp Infect. 2011; 77(4):321-6.
29. Escudero DV, Furtado GH, Medeiros EA. Healthcare worker adherence to follow-up after occupational exposure to blood and body fluids at a teaching hospital in Brazil. Ann OccupHyg. 2015; 59(5):566-71.
30. Jin J, Sklar GE, Vernon MSO, et. al. Factors affecting therapeutic compliance : A review from the patient’s perspective. Therapeutic and clinical risk management 2008; 4(1) 269-286.
31. Nermine MTF, Noha SME, Yasmine HMS. Safe injection procedures, injection practices, and needlestick injuries among health care workers in operating rooms. Alexandria Journal of Medicine 2017.
32. DOSM (Department of Statistics Malaysia). The current population estimates, Malaysia, 2016. Department of Statistics Malaysia 2016.
33. Lee LK, Hassim IN. Implication of the prevalence of needlestick injuries in a general hospital in Malaysia and its risk in clinical practice. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine. 2005; 10(1):33-41.
34. Memish ZA, Assiri AM, Eldalatony MM. Risk analysis of needle stick and sharp object injuries among health care workers in a tertiary care hospital (Saudi Arabia). J Epidemiol Glob Health 2013; 3(3):123-9.
35. Lo WY, Chiou ST, Huang N, et. al. Long work hours and chronic insomnia are associated with needlestick and sharps injuries among hospital nurses in Taiwan: A national survey. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;64:130-136.
36. Chakravarthy M, Singh S, Arora A, et. al. Epidemiology of sharp injuries– Prospective EPINet data from five tertiary care hospitals in India – Data for 144 cumulated months, 1.5 million inpatient days. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health 2014; 2(3):121-126.
37. Trinkoff AM, Le R, Geiger-Brown J, et. al. Work schedule, needle use, and needlestick injuries among registered nurses. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007; 28(2):156-64.
Published
2018-04-13
How to Cite
Mohd Fadhli MF, Nazarudin Safian, Robat RM, Nur Adibah MS, & Hanizah MY. (2018). NEEDLESTICK INJURY CASES AND ADHERENCE TO THE FOLLOW-UP PROTOCOL AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN SELANGOR. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 18(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.18/no.1/art.315
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