COVID-19 VACCINATION STATUS AND HEALTH CONSEQUENCES OF LONG COVID AMONG UNDERGRADUATE HEALTH SCIENCE STUDENTS IN THAILAND
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.24/no.3/art.2692Keywords:
Long COVID, COVID-19 vaccine, Health consequencesAbstract
Long COVID, characterized by persistent symptoms after the SARS-CoV-2 infection, poses a major public health concern. This study explored long COVID in 222 Health Sciences undergraduates. We investigated COVID-19 frequency, vaccination status, and long COVID symptoms. Over one-half of the participants were female (55.4%), and age were 20 years old (27.5%). Most (72.5%) had COVID-19 once, with nearly one-half (49.5%) experiencing it for over 1 year. Vaccination was prevalent, with Pfizer being the most common vaccine (30.1%). Doses varied, with most receiving 2, though some received 1–5 doses. Of these, the Sinovac+AstraZeneca two-dose regimen was most frequent (13.9%). Participants presented long COVID symptoms such as fatigue, fever, coughing, and sore throat, highlighting the impact of the condition. The results of this study emphasized the consequences of long COVID symptoms in a specific population. Additional investigation is necessary to fully understand the underlying mechanisms and to develop a successful health education program aimed at reducing the long-term symptoms of long COVID.
References
Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P. et al. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat Rev Microbiol 19, 141–154 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-020-00459-7
Latifi, A., & Flegr, J. (2023). Is recovery just the beginning? Persistent symptoms and health and performance deterioration in post-COVID-19, non-hospitalized university students-a cross-sectional study. Biology methods & protocols, 8(1), bpad037. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomethods/bpad037
Chiner-Vives, E., Cordovilla-Pérez, R., de la Rosa-Carrillo, D., García-Clemente, M., Izquierdo-Alonso, J. L., Otero-Candelera, R., Pérez-de Llano, L., Sellares-Torres, J., & de Granda-Orive, J. I. (2022). Short and Long-Term Impact of COVID-19 Infection on Previous Respiratory Diseases. Archivos de bronconeumologia, 58 Suppl 1, 39–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arbres.2022.03.011
Lopez-Leon S, Wegman-Ostrosky T, Perelman C, Sepulveda R, Rebolledo PA, Cuapio A, Villapol S. More than 50 Long-term effects of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2021 Jan 30:2021.01.27.21250617. doi: 10.1101/2021.01.27.21250617. Update in: Sci Rep. 2021 Aug 9;11(1):16144. PMID: 33532785; PMCID: PMC7852236.
Michelen M, Manoharan L, Elkheir N, Cheng V, Dagens A, Hastie C, O'Hara M, Suett J, Dahmash D, Bugaeva P, Rigby I, Munblit D, Harriss E, Burls A, Foote C, Scott J, Carson G, Olliaro P, Sigfrid L, Stavropoulou C. Characterising long COVID: a living systematic review. BMJ Glob Health. 2021 Sep;6(9):e005427. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005427. PMID: 34580069; PMCID: PMC8478580.
Whitaker, M., Elliott, J., Chadeau-Hyam, M. et al. Persistent COVID-19 symptoms in a community study of 606,434 people in England. Nat Commun 13, 1957 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-29521-z
Perumal R, Shunmugam L, Naidoo K, Abdool Karim SS, Wilkins D, Garzino-Demo A, Brechot C, Parthasarathy S, Vahlne A, Nikolich JŽ. Long COVID: a review and proposed visualization of the complexity of long COVID. Front Immunol. 2023 Apr 20;14:1117464. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117464. PMID: 37153597; PMCID: PMC10157068.
Wonghiranrat P. Prevalence of post-COVID-19 post-infection in patients with a history of coronavirus disease 2019 infection. Journal of Health and Environmental Education. Journal of Health and Environmental Education. 2023;8(1)
Ministry of Public Health. Thai government gazette; Names and significant symptoms of contagious diseases to be vigilant for (3rd edition). 2022. [Available from: https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=79780&filename=article_translate?.(accessed 20 January 2023).
Ministry of public health, Department of Disease Control. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). 2022. [Available from: https://ddc.moph.go.th/uploads/files/2426720220330084652.pdf?.
(accessed 20 January 2023).
World Health Organization. Current status of COVID-19 in Thailand: 7th February 2024: World Health Organization [Available from: https://www.who.int/thailand/news/detail/06-02-2024-update-on-covid-19-in-thailand--7february-2024?.(accessed 18 April 2024).
Ministry of public health, Department of Disease Control. Situation of COVID-19 patients Domestic weekly. 2024. [Available from: https://ddc.moph.go.th/covid19-dashboard/?dashboard=main?.(accessed 18 April 2024).
Nation Assembly of Thailand. Information on 7 types of emergency vaccines certified by the World Health Organization (WHO). 2021. [Available from: https://www.parliament.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/parliament_parcy/ewt_dl_link.php?nid=79780&filename=article_translate?. (accessed 17 March 2024).
Ministry of Public Health, Food and Drug Administration, Medical Regulation Division. Vaccine. 2024. [Available from: https://drug.fda.moph.go.th/vaccine/category/spc?ppp=50&page=1&kw=covid+?.
Ministry of Public Health, Department of Disease Control. Week 9 of 2023 COVID-19 vaccination services report Date: 27February - 3 March 2023 (Current information as of 3 March 2023 at 4:00 p.m.) administered by the Ministry of Public Health. 2023. [Available from: https://ddc.moph.go.th/vaccine-covid19/getFiles/9/1678172858645.pdf?.(accessed 15 March 2023).
Notarte KI, Catahay JA, Velasco JV, Pastrana A, Ver AT, Pangilinan FC, Peligro PJ, Casimiro M, Guerrero JJ, Gellaco MML, Lippi G, Henry BM, Fernández-de-Las-Peñas C. Impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the risk of developing long-COVID and on existing long-COVID symptoms: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Aug 27;53:101624. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101624. PMID: 36051247; PMCID: PMC9417563.
Altmann DM, Whettlock EM, Liu S, Arachchillage DJ, Boyton RJ. The immunology of long COVID. Nat Rev Immunol. 2023 Oct;23(10):618-634. doi: 10.1038/s41577-023-00904-7. Epub 2023 Jul 11. Erratum in: Nat Rev Immunol. 2023 Sep 18;: PMID: 37433988.
Chirasatienpon T. Health Impact of Long COVID among Student Teachers, Kasetsart University. Higher Education Studies. 2023;13(4):75-85. doi:10.5539/hes.v13n4p75
Asadi-Pooya AA, Nemati H, Shahisavandi M, Akbari A, Emami A, Lotfi M, Rostamihosseinkhani M, Barzegar Z, Kabiri M, Zeraatpisheh Z, Farjoud-Kouhanjani M, Jafari A, Sasannia F, Ashrafi S, Nazeri M, Nasiri S. Long COVID in children and adolescents. World J Pediatr. 2021 Oct;17(5):495-499. doi: 10.1007/s12519-021-00457-6. Epub 2021 Sep 3. Erratum in: World J Pediatr. 2022 Jul 3;: PMID: 34478045; PMCID: PMC8414448.
Chopra N, Chowdhury M, Singh AK, Ma K, Kumar A, Ranjan P, Desai D, Wig N. Clinical predictors of long COVID-19 and phenotypes of mild COVID-19 at a tertiary care centre in India. Drug Discov Ther. 2021;15(3):156-161. doi: 10.5582/ddt.2021.01014. PMID: 34234065.
Cabrera Martimbianco AL, Pacheco RL, Bagattini ÂM, Riera R. Frequency, signs and symptoms, and criteria adopted for long COVID-19: A systematic review. Int J Clin Pract. 2021 Oct;75(10):e14357. doi: 10.1111/ijcp.14357. Epub 2021 Jun 2. PMID: 33977626; PMCID: PMC8236920.
Healey Q, Sheikh A, Daines L, Vasileiou E. Symptoms and signs of long COVID: A rapid review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health. 2022 May 21;12:05014. doi: 10.7189/jogh.12.05014. PMID: 35596571; PMCID: PMC9125197.
World Health Organization. Post COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). 2022. [Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/post-covid-19-condition?.(accessed 9 January 2023).