UNDERSTANDING METABOLIC AND LIFESTYLE RISK FACTORS OF ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME: A PATH ANALYSIS STUDY IN INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.25/no.1/art.2568Keywords:
ACS, Risk factors, Sweetened foodsFatty foods, Hypertension, Hyperlipidemia, Obesity, Physical activityAbstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) has remained the leading cause of mortality and disability over the past decade. ACS is a catastrophic disease that incurs the highest healthcare expenditure under the National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional, JKN). Preventive programs should be a priority in health policy thus understanding modifiable risk factors is critical in planning prevention programs. This study aims to evaluate the influence of metabolic and lifestyle risk factors on the incidence of ACS at the Regional General Hospital in Mataram City, Indonesia, through an analytical observational approach. Data collection involved 200 subjects selected through systematic random sampling. Path analysis was used to assess the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Path analysis shows hypertension and hyperlipidemia have a direct influence on ACS (p = 0.032 and p = 0.016). However, through hypertension, hyperlipidemia also affects ACS indirectly (p = 0.002). Fatty foods and physical activity indirectly influence ACS through hyperlipidemia (p = 0.043). Obesity has an indirect influence through hypertension (p = 0.018) and hyperlipidemia (p = 0.043). Sweetened foods have a direct influence on ACS (p = 0.002). Preventive measures should be done by early detection through screening for hyperlipidemia and hypertension, along with integrating the screening of the TyG index for screening postprandial dysmetabolism effects caused by a high-sugar diet. Implementing policies to regulate glucose levels in pre-packaged foods could also be considered. Health promotion efforts with diet control, active lifestyle, and obesity prevention in young adults should be a priority.
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