PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL COLOUR VISION DEFICIENCY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL MALE STUDENTS IN ALMADINA ALMUNAWARA (SAUDI ARABIA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.18/no.1/art.245Keywords:
congenital, colour vision deficiency, Ishihara colour testing, prevalence, Saudi Arabia, protanopes, deuteranopesAbstract
The aim of this cross-sectional study is to determine the prevalence of congenital colour vision defects among male secondary school students in Al-Madinah Al-Munawara city, Saudi Arabia. A total of 1154 male secondary school students were selected randomly through a multi-stage sampling method. Ishihara 24-plates was used to screen for colour blindness. The overall prevalence of congenital colour vision defects was 3.3% with 1% protanopes and 2.3% deuteranopes. The prevalence of congenital colour vision defect among Saudis was 2.48% and (5.48%) among non-Saudis. In conclusion, the prevalence of congenital colour vision defect among male secondary school students of Al-Madinah Al-Munawara city is comparable to previously reported in central Saudi Arabia, but lower than for Caucasian.
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2. Neitz M. Molecular genetics of color vision and color vision defects. Arch ophthalmology. 2000;118(may):691-700.
3. Melamud A, Hagstrom S, Traboulsi EI. Color vision testing. ophthalmic genetics. 2004;25(3):159-87.
4. Modarres M, Mirsamadi M, Peyman GA. Prevalence of congenital color deficiencies in secondary-school students in Tehran. Int Ophthalmol. 1996;20(4):221-2.
5. Ugalahi MO, Fasina O, Ogun OA, Ajayi BG. Prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency among secondary school students in Ibadan, South-West Nigeria. Niger Postgrad Med J. 2016;23(2):93-6.
6. Osuobeni EP. Prevalence of congenital red-green color vision defects in Arab boys from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Ophthalmic Epidemiology. 1996;3(3):167-70.
7. Oriowo OM. colour vision screening among Saudi Arabian children S Afr Optom and Abdullah Z Alotaibi. 2008;67(2):56-61.
8. Ishihara S. The series of plates designed as a test for colour-deficiency. 24 plate ed. tokyo japan: kanehara trading inc.; 1978 1978. 24 p.
9. Birch J. Efficiency of the ishihara test for identifying red-green coiour deficiency. Opthal Physiol Opt 1997;17:403-8.
10. Birch J. Identification of red-green colour deficiency: sensitivity of the Ishihara and American Optical Company (Hard, Rand and Rittler) pseudo-isochromatic plates to identify slight anomalous trichromatism. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2010;30(5):667-71.
11. Al-Aqtum MT, Al-Qawasmeh MH. Prevalence of colour blindness in young Jordanians. Ophthalmologica. 2001;215(1):39-42.
12. Karim J K MAS. prevalence of conginital red-green color vision defects among various ethnic groups of students in Erbil city. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013;6(3):235-8.
13. Birch J. Worldwide prevalence of red-green color deficiency. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis. 2012;29(3):313-20.
14. Rajkumar JK, ND Soni, Raghuveer Choudhary. prevalence of blindness among school going children aged 10-17 years in Jodhpur city Rajasthan. Sch J Arts Humanit Soc Sci. 2016;february(4(2A)):126-9.
15. Ahsana Shah RH, Mohd Fareed, Mohammad Afzal. prevalence of red-green color vision defects among Muslim males and females of Manipur, India. Iranian J publHealth. 2013;42(1):16-24.
16. Hamida TS, Amna Bibi, Nabeela Tariq, Naheed Sajjad, Kashif Umer, Muhammad Ali and Rehana Iqbal. Incidence of Protanopia and Deuteranopia, defects of colour vision in Quetta, Pakistan. pakistan J Zool. 2016;48(4):1045-9.
17. Mulusew A YA. prevalence of conginital color vision defects among school children in schools of Abeshge District, central Ethiopia. journal of ophthalmology of eastern central and southern Africa. 2013(August):10-4.
18. Mary Ogbenyi Ugalahi OF, Olufunmilola A Ogun, Benedictus G K Ajayi. prevalence of conginital color vision deficiency among secondary school students in Ibadan, South-west Nigeria. nigerian postgraduate medical journal. 2016;23(2):93-6.
19. Chia A, Gazzard G, Tong L, Zhang X, Sim EL, Fong A, et al. Red-green colour blindness in Singaporean children. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008;36(5):464-7.
20. John Z. Xie M, PhD,Kristina Tarczy-Hornoch, MD, DPhil, Jesse Lin, MS, Susan A. Cotter, OD, MS,, Mina Torres M, Rohit Varma, MD, MPH. Color Vision Deficiency in Preschool Children
The Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study. Ophthalmology. 2014;jul(121(7)):1469-74.
21. Gupta M, Gupta BP, Chauhan A, Bhardwaj A. Ocular morbidity prevalence among school children in Shimla, Himachal, North India. Indian J Ophthalmol. 2009;57(2):133-8.
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Published
2018-05-12
How to Cite
Al-Ghamdi AK, Al-Harbi Z, & Al-Ghamdi KS. (2018). PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL COLOUR VISION DEFICIENCY AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL MALE STUDENTS IN ALMADINA ALMUNAWARA (SAUDI ARABIA). Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 18(1), 97–101. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.18/no.1/art.245
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