PREVALENCE OF LOW BACK PAIN AND NECK PAIN IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.25/no.1/art.2347Keywords:
Low back pain, Neck pain, Malaysia, Systematic ReviewAbstract
Back and neck pain are the most common musculoskeletal problems globally. An accurate estimate of prevalence is necessary to assess the impact of low back pain (LBP) and neck pain in population in Malaysian population. Therefore, the aim of this study is to systematically review the existing literature regarding the prevalence of LBP and neck pain in Malaysia and the factors that are associated with LBP and neck pain. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from January 2022 to February 2022 using the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline and APA and grey literature including local thesis was searched and identified. The literature search yielded 152 papers and the final full text included were 35. LBP was found to be common among nurses, ambulance workers and flight baggage handlers. While, neck pain was common among secondary school teachers, shipyard welders, and rubber workers. The findings of this study benefit researchers, health care providers, administrative and policy decision makers in Malaysia by providing accurate estimates of the prevalence of LBP and neck pain in the community and identifying risk factors for this population.
References
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21. Chee HL, Rampal KG. Work-related musculoskeletal problems among women workers in the semiconductor industry in Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Occupational and environmental health. 2004;10(1):63-71.
22. Shan CL, Adon MYB, Abd Rahman AB, Hassan STS, Ismail KB. Prevalence of neck pain and associated factors with personal characteristics, physical workloads and psychosocial among male rubber workers in FELDA settlement Malaysia. Global journal of health science. 2012;4(1):94.
23. Hassan WCZW. Development and Evaluation of New Prototype Seat for Commercial Stage Bus Drivers: Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2009.
24. Rozali A, Rampal K, MT SB, Sherina M, Khairuddin H, Sulaiman A. Low back pain and association with whole body vibration among military armoured vehicle drivers in Malaysia. The Medical Journal of Malaysia. 2009;64(3):197-204.
25. Chan EWM, Hamid MSA, Din FHM, Ahmad R, Nadzalan AM, Hafiz E. Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among Malaysian army personnel stationed in Klang Valley. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2019;11(1):9-18.
26. Mohd Azuan K, Zailina H, Shamsul B, Nurul Asyiqin M, Mohd Azhar M, Syazwan Aizat I. Neck, upper back and lower back pain and associated risk factors among primary school children. J Appl Sci. 2010;10(5):431-5.
27. Khan SA, Yee Chew K. Effect of working characteristics and taught ergonomics on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders amongst dental students. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013;14:1-8.
28. Yao JPR, Sundar V, Ramalingam V. Predictors of Mobile Video Gaming on Musculoskeletal Pain among University Students in Selangor, Malaysia. Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia. 2021;11(3):518-27.
29. Nordin NAM, Singh DKA, Kanglun L. Low back pain and associated risk factors among health science undergraduates. Sains Malaysiana. 2014;43(3):423-8.
30. Anuar NFM, Rasdi I, Saliluddin SM, Abidin EZ. Work task and job satisfaction predicting low back pain among secondary school teachers in Putrajaya. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2016;45(Supple 1):85-92.
31. Khan SH, Mohan TRC, Swamy K, Bhumik A. Posture related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among computer users in higher education sectors of Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2020;16(110).
32. Awang Lukman K, Jeffree MS, Rampal KG. Lower back pain and its association with whole-body vibration and manual materials handling among commercial drivers in Sabah. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2019;25(1):8-16.
33. Ganasegeran K, Perianayagam W, Nagaraj P, Al-Dubai S. Psycho-behavioural risks of low back pain in railway workers. Occupational Medicine. 2014;64(5):372-5.
34. Samat RA, Shafei MN, Yaacob NA, Yusoff A. Prevalence and associated factors of back pain among dental personnel in North-Eastern State of Malaysia. International Journal of Collaborative Research on internal medicine & public health. 2011;3(7):0-.
35. Tamrin SBM, Yokoyama K, Jalaludin J, Aziz NA, Jemoin N, Nordin R, et al. The association between risk factors and low back pain among commercial vehicle drivers in peninsular Malaysia: a preliminary result. Industrial health. 2007;45(2):268-78.
36. Nurul I, Haslinda A, Saidi M, Shamsul B, Zailina H. Prevalence of Low back Pain and its Risk factors among School teachers. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2010;7(5):634-9.
37. Amin NA, Nordin R, Fatt QK, Noah RM, Oxley J. Relationship between psychosocial risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among public hospital nurses in Malaysia. Annals of occupational and environmental medicine. 2014;26:1-9.
38. Hashim Z, Samad NIA. Risk factors associated with mental health of primary school teachers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2019;15(103).
39. Mishalini Nair A, Sugumaran P, Singh K, Govind S, Wah YC. Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neck Pain Among Aimst University Malaysia Academic Staffs. 2019.
40. Chee H-L, Rampal KG, Chandrasakaran A. Ergonomic risk factors of work processes in the semiconductor industry in Peninsular Malaysia. Industrial health. 2004;42(3):373-81.
41. Ganesan V, Saudi A, Balakrishnan A, Shafii N, Kamarudin M, Khairuddin M, et al. An ergonomic assessment of musculoskeletal disorders among airport bag handlers: A case study in Malaysia. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018.
42. Tamrin SBM, Yokoyama K, Aziz N, Maeda S. Association of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders among male commercial bus drivers in Malaysia. Human factors and ergonomics in manufacturing & service industries. 2014;24(4):369-85.
43. Yee Kiat W, Zainal Abidin E, Rasdi I, Hassim Ismail N. Association between schoolbag weight with back pain and perceived load among primary schoolchildren in Selangor. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2018;6:6-12.
44. Veerapen K, Wigley RD, Valkenburg H. Musculoskeletal pain in Malaysia: a COPCORD survey. The Journal of rheumatology. 2007;34(1):207-13.
45. Lee Y-S, Low B-S. Sleep pattern among electronic device users and its relationship with users’ practice in Malaysia university community. Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 2016;14:271-7.
46. Subramaniam A. Effects Of Using A Document Holder When Typing On Head Excursion And Neck Muscle Activity Among Computer Users With And Without Neck Pain: University Kebangsaan Malayia; 2016.
47. MASCO Malaysia Standard Classification of Occupations 2020. Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia; 2020.
48. Tosunoz IK, Oztunc G. Low back pain in nurses. Int J Caring Sci. 2017;10(3):1728-32.
49. Zhang Q, Dong H, Zhu C, Liu G. Low back pain in emergency ambulance workers in tertiary hospitals in China and its risk factors among ambulance nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open. 2019;9(9):e029264.
50. Alperovitch-Najenson D, Santo Y, Masharawi Y, Katz-Leurer M, Ushvaev D, Kalichman L. Low back pain among professional bus drivers: ergonomic and occupational-psychosocial risk factors. IMAJ-Israel Medical Association Journal. 2010;12(1):26.
51. Erick PN, Smith DR. A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2011;12:1-11.
52. Cagnie B, Danneels L, Van Tiggelen D, De Loose V, Cambier D. Individual and work related risk factors for neck pain among office workers: a cross sectional study. European Spine Journal. 2007;16:679-86.
53. Ehsani F, Mosallanezhad Z, Vahedi G. The prevalence, risk factors and consequences of neck pain in office employees. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health. 2017;4(2).
54. Bovenzi M. A prospective cohort study of neck and shoulder pain in professional drivers. Ergonomics. 2015;58(7):1103-16.
55. Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, Pourfathi H, Araj-Khodaei M, Sullman MJ, et al. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2022;23(1):1-13.
2. Rashid M, Kristofferzon M-L, Nilsson A, Heiden M. Factors associated with return to work among people on work absence due to long-term neck or back pain: a narrative systematic review. BMJ open. 2017;7(6):e014939.
3. Hurwitz EL, Randhawa K, Yu H, Côté P, Haldeman S. The Global Spine Care Initiative: a summary of the global burden of low back and neck pain studies. European Spine Journal. 2018;27(6):796-801.
4. Alias AN, Karuppiah K, How V, Perumal V. Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDS) among primary school female teachers in Terengganu, Malaysia. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2020;77:102957.
5. Lim MQ, Vinodhkumar R. Prevalence of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Associated Risk Factors among Selected Factory Workers in Penang, Malaysia. INTI JOURNAL. 2019;2019(22).
6. Amin NA, Quek KF, Oxley JA, Noah R, Nordin R. Emotional distress as a predictor of work-related musculoskeletal disordersin Malaysian nursing professionals. The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2018;9(2):69.
7. Shariat A, Cardoso JR, Cleland JA, Danaee M, Ansari NN, Kargarfard M, et al. Prevalence rate of neck, shoulder and lower back pain in association with age, body mass index and gender among Malaysian office workers. Work. 2018;60(2):191-9.
8. Manaf H, Justine M, Hassan N. Prevalence and pattern of musculoskeletal injuries among Malaysian hockey league players. Malaysian orthopaedic journal. 2021;15(1):21.
9. Alshagga MA, Nimer AR, Yan LP, Ibrahim IAA, Al-Ghamdi SS, Radman Al-Dubai SA. Prevalence and factors associated with neck, shoulder and low back pains among medical students in a Malaysian Medical College. BMC research notes. 2013;6(1):1-7.
10. Dasgupta E, Yap JLL, Kunjunee KK, Choong XY, Soh WW, Sundaran M, et al. Prevalence of musculoskeletal pain in two primary care clinics in a mid-sized town's urban population in Malaysia. Malaysian Family Physician: the Official Journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia. 2021;16(1):93.
11. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, Group* P. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Annals of internal medicine. 2009;151(4):264-9.
12. Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. International journal of surgery. 2021;88:105906.
13. Hoy D, Brooks P, Woolf A, Blyth F, March L, Bain C, et al. Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2012;65(9):934-9.
14. Zamri EN, Hoe VCW, Moy FM. Predictors of low back pain among secondary school teachers in Malaysia: a longitudinal study. Industrial health. 2020;58(3):254-64.
15. Ibrahim MI, Zubair IU, Yaacob NM, Ahmad MI, Shafei MN. Low back pain and its associated factors among nurses in public hospitals of Penang, Malaysia. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2019;16(21):4254.
16. Zamri E, Moy F, Hoe V. Association of psychological distress and work psychosocial factors with self-reported musculoskeletal pain among secondary school teachers in Malaysia. PloS one. 2017;12(2):e0172195.
17. Yasin SM, Zubillah A, Shamsuri SA, Izwan MS, Azli MAM, Risam NS. Factors Associated With Lower Back Pain Among Workers In A Chemical Fertilizer Factory. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. 2020;20(Special1):311-7.
18. Lonik EAT, Kamauzaman THT, Abdullah AA, Nor J, Ab Hamid SA. Prevalence of low-back pain among public ambulance workers in Kelantan, Malaysia. Malays J Public Health Med. 2017;17(17):126-35.
19. Anwar J, Haznita AHN, Johari KM, Haryani HM, Norzita N, Aishah AJ, editors. Assessment of prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among welders in the shipyard industry in Malaysia. E3S Web of Conferences; 2019: EDP Sciences.
20. Albeeli A, Tamrin SBM, Guan NY, Karuppiah K. Musculoskeletal disorders and its association with self-reported productivity: a cross-sectional study among public office-workers in Putrajaya, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2020;16(4):272-9.
21. Chee HL, Rampal KG. Work-related musculoskeletal problems among women workers in the semiconductor industry in Peninsular Malaysia. International Journal of Occupational and environmental health. 2004;10(1):63-71.
22. Shan CL, Adon MYB, Abd Rahman AB, Hassan STS, Ismail KB. Prevalence of neck pain and associated factors with personal characteristics, physical workloads and psychosocial among male rubber workers in FELDA settlement Malaysia. Global journal of health science. 2012;4(1):94.
23. Hassan WCZW. Development and Evaluation of New Prototype Seat for Commercial Stage Bus Drivers: Universiti Putra Malaysia; 2009.
24. Rozali A, Rampal K, MT SB, Sherina M, Khairuddin H, Sulaiman A. Low back pain and association with whole body vibration among military armoured vehicle drivers in Malaysia. The Medical Journal of Malaysia. 2009;64(3):197-204.
25. Chan EWM, Hamid MSA, Din FHM, Ahmad R, Nadzalan AM, Hafiz E. Prevalence and factors associated with low back pain among Malaysian army personnel stationed in Klang Valley. Biomedical Human Kinetics. 2019;11(1):9-18.
26. Mohd Azuan K, Zailina H, Shamsul B, Nurul Asyiqin M, Mohd Azhar M, Syazwan Aizat I. Neck, upper back and lower back pain and associated risk factors among primary school children. J Appl Sci. 2010;10(5):431-5.
27. Khan SA, Yee Chew K. Effect of working characteristics and taught ergonomics on the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders amongst dental students. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2013;14:1-8.
28. Yao JPR, Sundar V, Ramalingam V. Predictors of Mobile Video Gaming on Musculoskeletal Pain among University Students in Selangor, Malaysia. Revista Pesquisa em Fisioterapia. 2021;11(3):518-27.
29. Nordin NAM, Singh DKA, Kanglun L. Low back pain and associated risk factors among health science undergraduates. Sains Malaysiana. 2014;43(3):423-8.
30. Anuar NFM, Rasdi I, Saliluddin SM, Abidin EZ. Work task and job satisfaction predicting low back pain among secondary school teachers in Putrajaya. Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2016;45(Supple 1):85-92.
31. Khan SH, Mohan TRC, Swamy K, Bhumik A. Posture related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) among computer users in higher education sectors of Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2020;16(110).
32. Awang Lukman K, Jeffree MS, Rampal KG. Lower back pain and its association with whole-body vibration and manual materials handling among commercial drivers in Sabah. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. 2019;25(1):8-16.
33. Ganasegeran K, Perianayagam W, Nagaraj P, Al-Dubai S. Psycho-behavioural risks of low back pain in railway workers. Occupational Medicine. 2014;64(5):372-5.
34. Samat RA, Shafei MN, Yaacob NA, Yusoff A. Prevalence and associated factors of back pain among dental personnel in North-Eastern State of Malaysia. International Journal of Collaborative Research on internal medicine & public health. 2011;3(7):0-.
35. Tamrin SBM, Yokoyama K, Jalaludin J, Aziz NA, Jemoin N, Nordin R, et al. The association between risk factors and low back pain among commercial vehicle drivers in peninsular Malaysia: a preliminary result. Industrial health. 2007;45(2):268-78.
36. Nurul I, Haslinda A, Saidi M, Shamsul B, Zailina H. Prevalence of Low back Pain and its Risk factors among School teachers. American Journal of Applied Sciences. 2010;7(5):634-9.
37. Amin NA, Nordin R, Fatt QK, Noah RM, Oxley J. Relationship between psychosocial risk factors and work-related musculoskeletal disorders among public hospital nurses in Malaysia. Annals of occupational and environmental medicine. 2014;26:1-9.
38. Hashim Z, Samad NIA. Risk factors associated with mental health of primary school teachers in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences. 2019;15(103).
39. Mishalini Nair A, Sugumaran P, Singh K, Govind S, Wah YC. Study on Prevalence and Risk Factors of Neck Pain Among Aimst University Malaysia Academic Staffs. 2019.
40. Chee H-L, Rampal KG, Chandrasakaran A. Ergonomic risk factors of work processes in the semiconductor industry in Peninsular Malaysia. Industrial health. 2004;42(3):373-81.
41. Ganesan V, Saudi A, Balakrishnan A, Shafii N, Kamarudin M, Khairuddin M, et al. An ergonomic assessment of musculoskeletal disorders among airport bag handlers: A case study in Malaysia. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2018.
42. Tamrin SBM, Yokoyama K, Aziz N, Maeda S. Association of risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders among male commercial bus drivers in Malaysia. Human factors and ergonomics in manufacturing & service industries. 2014;24(4):369-85.
43. Yee Kiat W, Zainal Abidin E, Rasdi I, Hassim Ismail N. Association between schoolbag weight with back pain and perceived load among primary schoolchildren in Selangor. Asian Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 2018;6:6-12.
44. Veerapen K, Wigley RD, Valkenburg H. Musculoskeletal pain in Malaysia: a COPCORD survey. The Journal of rheumatology. 2007;34(1):207-13.
45. Lee Y-S, Low B-S. Sleep pattern among electronic device users and its relationship with users’ practice in Malaysia university community. Sleep and Biological Rhythms. 2016;14:271-7.
46. Subramaniam A. Effects Of Using A Document Holder When Typing On Head Excursion And Neck Muscle Activity Among Computer Users With And Without Neck Pain: University Kebangsaan Malayia; 2016.
47. MASCO Malaysia Standard Classification of Occupations 2020. Ministry of Human Resources Malaysia; 2020.
48. Tosunoz IK, Oztunc G. Low back pain in nurses. Int J Caring Sci. 2017;10(3):1728-32.
49. Zhang Q, Dong H, Zhu C, Liu G. Low back pain in emergency ambulance workers in tertiary hospitals in China and its risk factors among ambulance nurses: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open. 2019;9(9):e029264.
50. Alperovitch-Najenson D, Santo Y, Masharawi Y, Katz-Leurer M, Ushvaev D, Kalichman L. Low back pain among professional bus drivers: ergonomic and occupational-psychosocial risk factors. IMAJ-Israel Medical Association Journal. 2010;12(1):26.
51. Erick PN, Smith DR. A systematic review of musculoskeletal disorders among school teachers. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2011;12:1-11.
52. Cagnie B, Danneels L, Van Tiggelen D, De Loose V, Cambier D. Individual and work related risk factors for neck pain among office workers: a cross sectional study. European Spine Journal. 2007;16:679-86.
53. Ehsani F, Mosallanezhad Z, Vahedi G. The prevalence, risk factors and consequences of neck pain in office employees. Middle East Journal of Rehabilitation and Health. 2017;4(2).
54. Bovenzi M. A prospective cohort study of neck and shoulder pain in professional drivers. Ergonomics. 2015;58(7):1103-16.
55. Kazeminasab S, Nejadghaderi SA, Amiri P, Pourfathi H, Araj-Khodaei M, Sullman MJ, et al. Neck pain: global epidemiology, trends and risk factors. BMC musculoskeletal disorders. 2022;23(1):1-13.
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Published
2025-04-28
How to Cite
Chan, Y. M., Khaw, W.-F., Tan, L.-A., Nasaruddin, N. H., & Alias, N. (2025). PREVALENCE OF LOW BACK PAIN AND NECK PAIN IN MALAYSIA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW . Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 25(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.25/no.1/art.2347
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