ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED RESTORATIVENESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AMONG STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.18/no.1/art.207Keywords:
Perceived restorativeness, Psychological well-being, Psychical activities, Nature, Social contextsAbstract
The purpose of this paper was to identify theories that underpin the relationship between perceived restorativeness and psychological wellbeing. This study also aimed to identify the types of activities that the respondent preferred to use as psychological resources when dealing with threatening situation. The instruments used in this study were Perceived Restorativeness for Activities Scale (PRAS) and Psychological Wellbeing Scale. The questionnaires were administered to a sample of 192 Master of Education students. The findings demonstrated that Master of Education students possess a high level of psychological well-being (Mean = 4.39, SD = 0.611) and high level of perceived restorativeness for their preferred activities (Mean = 4.57, SD = 0.76). The most preferred activities for restorativeness approach included participation in social context, followed by engaging in outdoor activities and lastly observing nature. The fascination property of perceived restorativeness obtained the highest score. Thus, the findings of the study illustrate the students’ preferred activities of restorativeness for maintaining their level of psychological wellbeing.
References
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21. Kargarfard, M., et al., Efficacy of massage on muscle soreness, perceived recovery, physiological restoration and physical performance in male bodybuilders.Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016. 34(10): p. 959-965.
22. Sandstrom, G.M. and E.W. Dunn, Social Interactions and Well-Being The Surprising Power of Weak Ties.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2014: p. 0146167214529799.
23. Sibthorp, J. and E. Ruddell, The Benefit of Recreational Physical Activity to Restore Attentional Fatigue: The Effects of Running Intensity.2010.
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26. Karmanov, D. and R. Hamel, Assessing the restorative potentialof contemporary urban environment (s): Beyond the nature versus urban dichotomy.Landscape and Urban Planning, 2008. 86(2): p. 115-125.
27. Berman, M.G., J. Jonides, and S. Kaplan, The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature.Psychological science, 2008. 19(12): p. 1207-1212.
28. Benfield, J.A., et al., Classrooms With Nature Views Evidence of Differing Student Perceptions and Behaviors.Environment and Behavior, 2015. 47(2): p. 140-157.
29. Rosenbaum, M.S., J.C. Sweeney, and C. Windhorst, The Restorative Qualities of an Activity-Based, Third Place Café.Seniors Housing & Care Journal, 2009. 17: p. 39-54.
30. Kaplan, S. The restorative environment: Nature and human experience. in Role of Horticulture in Human Well-being and Social Development: ANational Symposium. Timber Press, Arlington, Virginia. 1992
31. Korpela, K.M., et al., Determinants of restorative experiences in everyday favorite places.Health & place, 2008. 14(4): p. 636-652.
32. Kaplan, S., Meditation, restoration, and the management of mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior, 2001. 33(4): p. 480-506.
33. Kaplan, S., The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework.Journal of environmental psychology, 1995. 15(3): p. 169-182.
34. Wilson, N., et al., A review of ecotherapy as an adjunct form of treatment for those who use mental health services.Journal of Public Mental Health, 2009. 7(3): p. 23-35.
35. Herzog, T.R., et al., Houses of worship as restorative environments.Environment and Behavior, 2010. 42(4): p. 395-419.
36. Kaplan, S. and M.G. Berman, Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation.Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2010. 5(1): p. 43-57
37. Herzog, T.R., et al., Compatibility: An experimental demonstration.Environment and Behavior, 2009.
38. Van den Berg, A.E., A. Jorgensen, and E.R. Wilson, Evaluating restoration in urban green spaces: Does setting type make a difference?Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014. 127: p. 173-181.
39. Ulrich, R.S., et al., Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments.Journal of environmental psychology, 1991. 11(3): p. 201-230.
40. Sheldon, K.M. and T. Kasser, Goals, congruence, and positive well-being: New empirical support for humanistic theories.Journal of humanistic psychology, 2001. 41(1): p. 30-50.
41. Gagné, M. and E.L. Deci, Self?determination theory and work motivation.Journal of Organizational behavior, 2005. 26(4): p. 331-362.
42. Deci, E.L. and R.M. Ryan, Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health.Canadian psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 2008. 49(3): p. 182.
43. Bovier, P.A., E. Chamot, and T.V. Perneger, Perceived stress, internal resources, and social support as determinants of mental health among young adults.Quality of Life Research, 2004. 13(1): p. 161-170.
44. Hefner, J. and D. Eisenberg, Social support and mental health among college students.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2009. 79(4): p. 491.
45. Ozbay, F., et al., Social support and resilience to stress across the life span: a neurobiologic framework.Current psychiatry reports, 2008. 10(4): p. 304-310.
46. Hale, C.J., J.W. Hannum, and D.L. Espelage, Social support and physical health: The importance of belonging. Journal of American College Health, 2005. 53(6): p. 276-284.
47. Uchino, B.N., J.T. Cacioppo, and J.K. Kiecolt-Glaser, The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health.Psychological bulletin, 1996. 119(3): p. 488.
48. Whitney, C., Social supports among college students and measures of alcohol use, perceived stress, satisfaction with life, emotional intelligence, and coping.The Journal of Student Wellbeing, 2010. 4(1): p. 49-67.
49. Yasin, A.S. and M.A. Dzulkifli, The relationship between social support and psychological problems among students.International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2010. 1(3).
50. Fowler, J.H. and N.A. Christakis, Dynamic spread of happinessin a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study.Bmj, 2008. 337: p. a2338.
51. Liu, H., et al., Social support and psychological well-being under social change in urban and rural China.Social indicators research, 2014. 119(2): p. 979-996.
52. Smith, C.A. and L.D. Kirby, Putting appraisal in context: Toward a relational model of appraisal and emotion.Cognition and Emotion, 2009. 23(7): p. 1352-1372.
53. Jabarouti, R., A. Shariat, and A. Shariat, Effect of Persian classic poetry on the level of stress hormone in retired academicians.Journal of Poetry Therapy, 2014. 27(1): p. 25-33.
54. Norling, J., J. Sibthorp, and E. Ruddell, Perceived Restorativeness for Activities Scale (PRAS): Development and Validation.Journal of physical activity & health, 2008. 5(1): p. 184.
55. Talley, A.E., et al., Social roles, basic need satisfaction, and psychological health the central role of competence.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2012. 38(2): p. 155-173.
56. Sandstrom, G.M. and C.D. Rawn, Embrace Chattering Students They May Be Building Community and Interest in Your Class.Teaching of Psychology, 2015. 42(3): p. 227-233.
57. Mailey, E.L., et al., Internet-delivered physical activity intervention for college students with mental health disorders: a randomized pilot trial.Psychology, health & medicine, 2010. 15(6): p. 646-659.
58. Li, Y., Z. Xu, and S. Liu, Physical activity, self-esteem, and mental health in students from ethnic minorities attending colleges in China.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2014. 42(4): p. 529-537.
59. Panahi, S., A.S.B.M. Yunus, and S.B. Roslan, Correlates of Psychological Well- being amongst Graduate Students in Malaysia.Life Science Journal, 2013. 10(3): p. 1859-70.
2. Stamp, E., et al., Relationships between mental toughness and psychological wellbeing in undergraduate students.Personality and Individual Differences, 2015. 75: p. 170-174.
3. Herzog, T.R. and S.J. Strevey, Contact with nature, sense of humor, and psychological well-being.Environment and Behavior, 2008. 40(6): p. 747-776.
4. Ryan, R.M. and E.L. Deci, Self-determination theory and the role of basic psychological needs in personality and the organization of behavior.Handbook of personality: Theory and research, 2008. 3: p. 654-78.
5. Diener, E., et al., Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.Psychological Bulletin, 1999. 125(2): p. 276-302.
6. Diener, E., Assessing subjective well-being: Progress and opportunities.Social indicators research, 1994. 31(2): p. 103-157.
7. Chekola, M., The concept of happiness (Unpublished doctoral dissertation).University of Michigan, 1974.
8. Armsden, G.C. and M.T. Greenberg, The inventory of parent and peer attachment: Individual differences and their relationship to psychological well-being in adolescence.Journal of youth and adolescence, 1987. 16(5): p. 427-454.
9. Brown, K.W. and R.M. Ryan, The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2003. 84(4): p. 822.
10. Edwards, L.M. and S.J. Lopez, Perceived family support, acculturation, and life satisfaction in mexican american youth: A mixed-methods exploration.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2006. 53(3): p. 279.
11. Biddle, S.J., K. Fox, and S. Boutcher, Physical activity and psychological well-being2003: Routledge.
12. Lakey, B. and E. Orehek, Relational regulation theory: a new approach to explain the link between perceived social support and mental health.Psychological Review, 2011. 118(3): p. 482-90.
13. Nisbet, E.K., J.M. Zelenski, and S.A. Murphy, Happiness is in our nature: Exploring nature relatedness as a contributor to subjective well-being.Journal of Happiness Studies, 2011. 12(2): p. 303-322.
14. Howell, A.J., et al., Nature connectedness: Associations with well-being and mindfulness.Personality and Individual Differences, 2011. 51(2): p. 166-171.
15. Abraham, A., K. Sommerhalder, and T.Abel, Landscape and well-being: a scoping study on the health-promoting impact of outdoor environments.International Journal of Public Health, 2010. 55(1): p. 59-69.
16. Ryff, C.D., Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1989. 57(6): p. 1069-81.
17. Biddle, S.J. and M. Asare, Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: a review of reviews.British journal of sports medicine, 2011: p. bjsports90185.
18. Taylor, M.D., et al., Five Factor Model personality traits and all-cause mortality in the Edinburgh Artery Study cohort.Psychosomatic Medicine, 2009. 71(6): p. 631-641.
19. Hartig, T., F.G. Kaiser, and P.A. Bowler, Psychological restoration in nature as a positive motivation for ecological behavior.Environment and Behavior, 2001. 33(4): p. 590-607.
20. Ussher, M.H., et al., The relationship between physical activity, sedentary behaviour and psychological wellbeing among adolescents.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2007. 42(10): p. 851-856.
21. Kargarfard, M., et al., Efficacy of massage on muscle soreness, perceived recovery, physiological restoration and physical performance in male bodybuilders.Journal of Sports Sciences, 2016. 34(10): p. 959-965.
22. Sandstrom, G.M. and E.W. Dunn, Social Interactions and Well-Being The Surprising Power of Weak Ties.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2014: p. 0146167214529799.
23. Sibthorp, J. and E. Ruddell, The Benefit of Recreational Physical Activity to Restore Attentional Fatigue: The Effects of Running Intensity.2010.
24. VanKim, N.A. and T.F. Nelson, Vigorous physical activity, mental health, perceived stress, and socializing among college students.American Journal of Health Promotion, 2013. 28(1): p. 7-15.
25. Gatersleben, B. and M. Andrews, When walking in nature is not restorative—The role of prospect and refuge.Health & place, 2013. 20: p. 91-101.
26. Karmanov, D. and R. Hamel, Assessing the restorative potentialof contemporary urban environment (s): Beyond the nature versus urban dichotomy.Landscape and Urban Planning, 2008. 86(2): p. 115-125.
27. Berman, M.G., J. Jonides, and S. Kaplan, The cognitive benefits of interacting with nature.Psychological science, 2008. 19(12): p. 1207-1212.
28. Benfield, J.A., et al., Classrooms With Nature Views Evidence of Differing Student Perceptions and Behaviors.Environment and Behavior, 2015. 47(2): p. 140-157.
29. Rosenbaum, M.S., J.C. Sweeney, and C. Windhorst, The Restorative Qualities of an Activity-Based, Third Place Café.Seniors Housing & Care Journal, 2009. 17: p. 39-54.
30. Kaplan, S. The restorative environment: Nature and human experience. in Role of Horticulture in Human Well-being and Social Development: ANational Symposium. Timber Press, Arlington, Virginia. 1992
31. Korpela, K.M., et al., Determinants of restorative experiences in everyday favorite places.Health & place, 2008. 14(4): p. 636-652.
32. Kaplan, S., Meditation, restoration, and the management of mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior, 2001. 33(4): p. 480-506.
33. Kaplan, S., The restorative benefits of nature: Toward an integrative framework.Journal of environmental psychology, 1995. 15(3): p. 169-182.
34. Wilson, N., et al., A review of ecotherapy as an adjunct form of treatment for those who use mental health services.Journal of Public Mental Health, 2009. 7(3): p. 23-35.
35. Herzog, T.R., et al., Houses of worship as restorative environments.Environment and Behavior, 2010. 42(4): p. 395-419.
36. Kaplan, S. and M.G. Berman, Directed attention as a common resource for executive functioning and self-regulation.Perspectives on Psychological Science, 2010. 5(1): p. 43-57
37. Herzog, T.R., et al., Compatibility: An experimental demonstration.Environment and Behavior, 2009.
38. Van den Berg, A.E., A. Jorgensen, and E.R. Wilson, Evaluating restoration in urban green spaces: Does setting type make a difference?Landscape and Urban Planning, 2014. 127: p. 173-181.
39. Ulrich, R.S., et al., Stress recovery during exposure to natural and urban environments.Journal of environmental psychology, 1991. 11(3): p. 201-230.
40. Sheldon, K.M. and T. Kasser, Goals, congruence, and positive well-being: New empirical support for humanistic theories.Journal of humanistic psychology, 2001. 41(1): p. 30-50.
41. Gagné, M. and E.L. Deci, Self?determination theory and work motivation.Journal of Organizational behavior, 2005. 26(4): p. 331-362.
42. Deci, E.L. and R.M. Ryan, Self-determination theory: A macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health.Canadian psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 2008. 49(3): p. 182.
43. Bovier, P.A., E. Chamot, and T.V. Perneger, Perceived stress, internal resources, and social support as determinants of mental health among young adults.Quality of Life Research, 2004. 13(1): p. 161-170.
44. Hefner, J. and D. Eisenberg, Social support and mental health among college students.American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 2009. 79(4): p. 491.
45. Ozbay, F., et al., Social support and resilience to stress across the life span: a neurobiologic framework.Current psychiatry reports, 2008. 10(4): p. 304-310.
46. Hale, C.J., J.W. Hannum, and D.L. Espelage, Social support and physical health: The importance of belonging. Journal of American College Health, 2005. 53(6): p. 276-284.
47. Uchino, B.N., J.T. Cacioppo, and J.K. Kiecolt-Glaser, The relationship between social support and physiological processes: a review with emphasis on underlying mechanisms and implications for health.Psychological bulletin, 1996. 119(3): p. 488.
48. Whitney, C., Social supports among college students and measures of alcohol use, perceived stress, satisfaction with life, emotional intelligence, and coping.The Journal of Student Wellbeing, 2010. 4(1): p. 49-67.
49. Yasin, A.S. and M.A. Dzulkifli, The relationship between social support and psychological problems among students.International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2010. 1(3).
50. Fowler, J.H. and N.A. Christakis, Dynamic spread of happinessin a large social network: longitudinal analysis over 20 years in the Framingham Heart Study.Bmj, 2008. 337: p. a2338.
51. Liu, H., et al., Social support and psychological well-being under social change in urban and rural China.Social indicators research, 2014. 119(2): p. 979-996.
52. Smith, C.A. and L.D. Kirby, Putting appraisal in context: Toward a relational model of appraisal and emotion.Cognition and Emotion, 2009. 23(7): p. 1352-1372.
53. Jabarouti, R., A. Shariat, and A. Shariat, Effect of Persian classic poetry on the level of stress hormone in retired academicians.Journal of Poetry Therapy, 2014. 27(1): p. 25-33.
54. Norling, J., J. Sibthorp, and E. Ruddell, Perceived Restorativeness for Activities Scale (PRAS): Development and Validation.Journal of physical activity & health, 2008. 5(1): p. 184.
55. Talley, A.E., et al., Social roles, basic need satisfaction, and psychological health the central role of competence.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 2012. 38(2): p. 155-173.
56. Sandstrom, G.M. and C.D. Rawn, Embrace Chattering Students They May Be Building Community and Interest in Your Class.Teaching of Psychology, 2015. 42(3): p. 227-233.
57. Mailey, E.L., et al., Internet-delivered physical activity intervention for college students with mental health disorders: a randomized pilot trial.Psychology, health & medicine, 2010. 15(6): p. 646-659.
58. Li, Y., Z. Xu, and S. Liu, Physical activity, self-esteem, and mental health in students from ethnic minorities attending colleges in China.Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 2014. 42(4): p. 529-537.
59. Panahi, S., A.S.B.M. Yunus, and S.B. Roslan, Correlates of Psychological Well- being amongst Graduate Students in Malaysia.Life Science Journal, 2013. 10(3): p. 1859-70.
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Published
2018-08-14
How to Cite
Nurul Ain Nabilla, Samsilah Roslan, Zeinab Ghiami, & Noorlila Ahmad. (2018). ASSESSING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERCEIVED RESTORATIVENESS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING AMONG STUDENTS. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 18(1), 113–123. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.18/no.1/art.207
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