Social Capital in Preventing HIV/AIDS Transmission among Men Who Have Sex with Men [MSM] with HIV in Indonesia
Keywords:
HIV/AIDS, Model, MSM, Social CapitalAbstract
The trend of Human Immonodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immonodeficiency syndrome has become a significant health problem in Indonesia. One of the primary factors contributing to the high transmission of the virus among the HIV-positive population, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM), is their practice of risky behavior. To address this issue, it is crucial to optimize social capital, including both structural and cognitive dimensions, to prevent the transmission of the disease and its progression to the advanced stage (AIDS). Therefore, this study aimed to explain the impact of social capital on in the prevention of HIV transmission among the MSM population with HIV-positive. This qualitative study was conducted in Jember, Indonesia, using a grounded theory approach between April and September 2021. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 12 HIV-positive MSM obtained using purposive sampling. This study found that social networks were formed through community activities and associations built from participation in social activities, focused on improving the structural dimension of social capital. In the cognitive dimension, trust among HIV-positive peers was related to adherence to ARV treatment, including prevention and transmission. By providing information through both structural and cognitive dimensions, social capital can effectively prevent HIV transmission among MSM HIV-positive and serve as a behavior model in the prevention of the progression to AIDS. Therefore, the education of peers can be developed based on this social capital, providing a basis for effective interventions.
References
WHO. HIV [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 21].
Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hiv-aids.
CDC. HIV-Statistics Overview [Internet]. [cited 2022 Nov 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/statistics/overview/index.html#:~:text=Worldwide%2C%20there%20were%20about%201.5,AIDS%2Drelated%20illnesses%20in%202020
Ministry of Health the Republic of Indonesia. Report – Development of HIV AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infection Diseases [Internet]. [cited 2022 March 20]. Available from: https://siha.kemkes.go.id/portal/files_upload/Laporan_TW_I_2021_FINAL.pdf
CDC. HIV and Gay and Bisexual Men (Differences in Knowledge of Status, Prevention, Treatment, and Stigma Exist by Race/Ethnicity) [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2022 Nov 21]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/vitalsigns/hivgaybimen
IBBS. Integrated Behavioral Biological Surveillance in Key Population Groups in Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2022 March 20]. Available from: https://hivaids-pimsindonesia.or.id/download/file/2018-2019_IBBS_Report_Supplement_eng.pdf
CDC. HIV among gay and bisexual men in the US [Internet]. [cited 2022 March 20]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchhstp/newsroom/fact-sheets/hiv/HIV-gay-bisexual-men.html
Ministry of Health the Republic of Indonesia. Quarter III HIV and AIDS Report in Indonesia [Internet]. [cited 2022 March 20]. Available from: https://siha.kemkes.go.id/portal/files_upload/Laporan_TW_III_2021.pdf
Rokhmah D. Phenomenological Study on Homosexuality in Men having Sex with Men in Jember Regency. [Dissertation]. Surabaya: Faculty of the Public Health University of Airlangga; 2016.
Setyani RA. Female Sex Workers Perception of Female Condom Utilization in Indonesia: Barrier and Solution. In Proceeding International Conference 2019;1(1):190-195.
Li X, Lei Y, Wang H, et al. The Health Belief Model: A Qualitative Study to Understand High-risk Sexual Behavior in Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2016; 27(1):66–76.
Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine 2023, Vol. 23 (2): 73-78
Rohmawati R, Indrianti DT. Social Capital of Coastal Women and Efforts to Prevent HIV/AIDS Transmission in Jember District. Culture 2018;5(1):26–44.
Saunders B, Sim J, Kingstone T, et al. Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization. Qual Quant 2018;52:1893-907.
Ozmete E. Understanding of social capital with an ecosystem approach. Int J Acad Res 2011;3(3):333–9.
Sulaeman ES, Reviono R, Setyowati A. Health Cadres’ Social Capital, and Community Figures’ Leadership in the Detection of Tuberculosis. Jurnal Kedokteran Yarsi 2016;24(1):20–041.
Latkin C, Yang C, Tobin K, et al. Social Network Predictors of Disclosure of MSM Behavior and HIV-Positive Serostatus Among African American MSM in Baltimore, Maryland. AIDS Behav 2012;16(3):535–42.
Fauk NK, Merry MS, Sigilipoe MA, et al. Culture, social networks, and HIV vulnerability among men who have sex with men in Indonesia. PLoS One 2017;12(6): e0178736.
Berg RC, Page S, Øgård-Repål A. The effectiveness of peer-support for people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2021;16(6): e0252623.
Ferguson KM, Kim MA, McCoy S. Enhancing Empowerment and Leadership Among Homeless Youth in Agency and Community
Settings: A Grounded Theory Approach. Child Adolesc Social Work J 2011;28(1):1–22.
Khamid MN, Marchianti N, Rokhmah D. Predisposing Characteristic of MSM (Men who Have Sex with Men) in Utilizing of CST (Care Support and Treatment) Services in Jember District. Health Notions 2018;2(4):483-6.
Ransome Y, Batson A, Galea S, et al. The relationship between higher social trust and lower late HIV diagnosis and mortality differs by race/ethnicity: results from a state-level analysis. J Int AIDS Soc 2017;20(1):21442.
Demartoto A. Social Capital Representation in Structured Peer Education for Prevention of Mother – to – Child Transmission. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Social Transformation, Community and Sustainable Development (ICSTCSD 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press; 2020.
Heryana A, Hubaybah H, Putri ME. Social Interaction of Housewives with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Deciding to Support Anti-Retroviral Therapy: A Case Study in Bekasi City. JCA Health Science 2021;1(1).
Sinulingga E, Waluyo A, Yona S. The Role of Church Community in Increasing Self Awareness to Prevent an Increase in HIV/AIDS: Literature Review. Nursing Current 2021;9(2):214-29.
Rahima P, Irawan E, Fauzia P, et al. Intervention in Patients with HIV/AIDS: Systematic Review. Jurnal Keperawatan BSI 2019;7(2):127-4
