PREVALENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-EFFICACY OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG PRIMARY HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA
PREVALENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-EFFICACY OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG PRIMARY HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.25/no.2/art.1845Keywords:
Burnout syndrome, primary healthcare workers, knowledge, self-efficacyAbstract
Primary healthcare workers (PHCW) were prone to develop burnout syndrome because the needs of giving comprehensive care towards their clients. With increased number of clients under their care, in addition to administrative works, this will create a huge burden on them. Studies have shown that PHCW have high prevalence of burnout syndrome. This will give negative implication on their mental health, quality of healthcare services and social life. Despite the growing number of burnout syndrome among PHCW, there is no intervention done to reduce the burnout syndrome. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of burnout syndrome as well as knowledge on burnout syndrome, self-efficacy and its associated factors before commencing the Health Education Module (HMDS) intervention. A cross-sectional study with sample size of 198 healthcare workers from fourteen government health clinics in Johor Bahru was conducted. Simple random sampling on doctors, nurses and assistant medical officers from each clinic were utilized. Self-administered question was used to obtain information on sociodemographic, job characteristic, burnout score (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), knowledge score and self-efficacy score (General Self-Efficacy Scale). Data was clean and analysed accordingly. Significant level was taken at p=0.05. Majority of respondent age between 30 to 39 years, female, Malay, married, have diploma, works as nurse, has working experience between 1 to 5 years and earn more than RM6000 per month. There were 46.1% of respondent has personal burnout, 34.6% has work-related burnout and 25.7% has client related burnout. Gender, ethnicity, education level, occupation, knowledge score and self-efficacy score shows significant association with burnout syndrome. Intervention on burnout syndrome among PHCW need to be done through health education on burnout syndrome and its coping strategies.
References
References
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36. Zuraida AS, Zainal NZ. Exploring burnout among Malaysian junior doctors using the abbreviated MAslach Bunrout Invetory. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry. 2015;24(1):1-10.
37. Permarupan PY, Al Mamun A, Samy NK, Saufi RA, Hayat N. Predicting nurses burnout through quality of work life and psychological empowerment: a study towards sustainable healthcare services in Malaysia. Sustainability. 2020;12(1):1-18.
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1. Schaufeli WB, Leiter MP, Maslach C. Burnout: 35 years of research and practice. Career development international. 2009.
2. WHO. Burn-out "occupational phenomenon": International classification of disease 2019 [updated 28 May 2019; cited 2022 10 April 2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases.
3. Zarei E, Ahmadi F, Sial MS, Hwang J, Thu PA, Usman SM. Prevalence of burnout among primary health care staff and its predictors: A study in Iran. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16(12).
4. Al-Sareai NS, Al-Khaldi YM, Mostafa OA, Abdel-Fatah MM. Magnitude and risk factors of burnout among primary health care physician in Asir Province Saudia Arabia. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2013;19(5):426 -34.
5. Amiri M, Khosravi A, Eghtesadi AR, Sadeghi Z, Abedi G, Ranjbar M, et al. Burnout and its Influencing Factors among Primary Health Care Providers in the North East of Iran. PLoS One. 2016;11(12):e0167648.
6. Siti Hajar R, Huda B. Burnout and its associated factors among nurses in a tertiary hospital, Malaysia. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences. 2018;5(6):215-27.
7. Yang LB, Christopher CKL, Suat YL, Mei LL, Min HT, Siew MC, et al. Stress and burnout syndrome in health care providers treating dengue infection : A cross sectional study. Med J Malaysia. 2018;73(6):371-5.
8. Siau CS, Wee L-H, Ibrahim N, Visvalingam U, Yeap LLL, Heng S. Predicting burnout and psychological distress risks of hospital healthcare workers. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. 2018;2018(Specialissue1):125-36.
9. Dyrbye LN, Shanafelt TD, Sinsky CA, Cipriano PF, Bhatt J, Ommaya A, et al. Burnout among health care professionals: a call to explore and address this underrecognized threat to safe, high-quality care. NAM perspectives. 2017.
10. Garcia GPA, Marziale MHP. Indicators of burnout in primary health care workers. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2018;71:2334-42.
11. Ismail H, Omar A, Aris T, Ambak R, Hisham AAN, Kuay LK. Undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus and its risk factors among Malaysians: National health and morbidity survey, 2011. International Journal of Public Health Research. 2016;6(1):677-84.
12. Omar MA, Irfan NI, Yi KY, Muksan N, Majid NA, Yusoff MM. Prevalence of young adult hypertension in Malaysia and its associated factors: findings from National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. 2016;16(3):274-83.
13. Sivasampu S, Lim Y, Rahman A, Hwong W, Goh P, Abdullah N. National medical care statistics: Primary care 2012. 2014.
14. Ab Rahman N, Husin M, Dahian K, Mohamad Noh K, Atun R, Sivasampu S. Job satisfaction of public and private primary care physicians in Malaysia: analysis of findings from QUALICO-PC. Human resources for health. 2019;17(1):1-10.
15. Van der Colff JJ, Rothmann S. Occupational stress, sense of coherence, coping, burnout and work engagement of registered nurses in South Africa. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 2009;35(1):1-10.
16. Chew B, Ramli A, Omar M, Ismail I. A preliminary study of job satisfaction and motivation among the Malaysian primary healthcare professionals. Malaysian family physician: the official journal of the Academy of Family Physicians of Malaysia. 2013;8(2):15.
17. Abdulla L, Al-Qahtani DM, Al-Kuwari MG. Prevalence and determinants of burnout syndrome among primary healthcare physicians in Qatar. South African Family Practice. 2011;53(4):380-3.
18. Mealer, Moss M, Good V, Gozal D, Kleinpell R, Sessler C. What is burnout syndrome (BOS)? American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. 2016;194(1):P1-2.
19. Vitorino MF, Dantas Rodrigues MS, Evangelista CB, Guimarães KSL, Batista JBV, Fonsêca AGS, et al. Burnout syndrome: knowledge of neonatal nursing team. J Nurs UFPE online. 2018;12(9):2308-14.
20. Fonsêca AGSd, Vitorino MF, Evangelista CB, de Lima Guimarães KS, Lordão AV, de Araújo Santiago T, et al. Burnout syndrome: obstetric nursing team's knowledge. Journal of Nursing UFPE. 2018;12(10):2683-9.
21. Hughes GD, Puoane T, Bradley H. Ability to manage diabetes—community health workers' knowledge, attitudes and beliefs. Journal of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes of South Africa. 2006;11(1):10-4.
22. Maina WK, Ndegwa ZM, Njenga EW, Muchemi EW. Knowledge, attitude and practices related to diabetes among community members in four provinces in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal. 2010;7(1).
23. Ogbera OA, Adeyeye O, Odeniyi IA, Adeleye O. Knowledge of diabetes mellitus in tuberculosis amongst healthcare workers in Nigeria. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2013;17(4):704.
24. Peck R, Mghamba J, Vanobberghen F, Kavishe B, Rugarabamu V, Smeeth L, et al. Preparedness of Tanzanian health facilities for outpatient primary care of hypertension and diabetes: a cross-sectional survey. The lancet global health. 2014;2(5):e285-e92.
25. Bandura A, Freeman WH, Lightsey R. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Springer; 1999.
26. Consiglio C, Borgogni L, Alessandri G, Schaufeli WB. Does self-efficacy matter for burnout and sickness absenteeism? The mediating role of demands and resources at the individual and team levels. Work & Stress. 2013;27(1):22-42.
27. Shoji K, Cieslak R, Smoktunowicz E, Rogala A, Benight CC, Luszczynska A. Associations between job burnout and self-efficacy: a meta-analysis. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2016;29(4):367-86.
28. Alidosti M, Delaram M, Dehgani L, Maleki Moghadam M. Relationship between self-efficacy and burnout among nurses in Behbahan City, Iran. Women's Health Bulletin. 2016;3(4):1-5.
29. Aftab N, Shah AA, Mehmood R. Relationship of self efficacy and burnout among physicians. Academic Research International. 2012;2(2):539-48.
30. Leal-Costa C, Díaz-Agea J, Tirado-González S, Rodríguez-Marín J, Van-der Hofstadt C, editors. Communication skills: a preventive factor in Burnout syndrome in health professionals. Anales Del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra; 2015.
31. Siau CS, Wee L-H, Ibrahim N, Visvalingam U, Ling Yeap L, Yeoh S, et al. Predicting burnout and psychological distress risks of hospital healthcare workers. Malaysian J Public Health Med. 2018;2018:125-36.
32. Boo YL, Liam CCK, Lim SY, Look M, Tan MH, Ching SM, et al. Stress and burnout syndrome in health-care providers treating dengue infection: A cross-sectional study. Med J Malaysia. 2018;73(6):371-5.
33. Mohammad AH, Shamsudin SB, Kamarudin NA, Ching LM, Radzran AS, Deris MHM, et al. Occupational burnout among public medical officers during the early stage of Covid-19 pandemic in Kota Kinabalu, Sabah. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine. 2021;21(1):317-26.
34. Roslan NS, Yusoff MSB, Razak AA, Morgan K, editors. Burnout prevalence and its associated factors among Malaysian healthcare workers during COVID-19 pandemic: an embedded mixed-method study. Healthcare; 2021: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
35. NIH. Mental healthcare performance: technical report 2016. Putrajaya: Ministry of Health Malaysia; 2016.
36. Zuraida AS, Zainal NZ. Exploring burnout among Malaysian junior doctors using the abbreviated MAslach Bunrout Invetory. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry. 2015;24(1):1-10.
37. Permarupan PY, Al Mamun A, Samy NK, Saufi RA, Hayat N. Predicting nurses burnout through quality of work life and psychological empowerment: a study towards sustainable healthcare services in Malaysia. Sustainability. 2020;12(1):1-18.
38. DOSM. My local stats Johor 2018. Malaysia: Department of Statistics; 2018 July 2019. 1-506 p.
39. Allen JC. Sample size calculation for two independent groups: a useful rule of thumb. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare. 2011;20(2):138-40.
40. Andrew Chin RW, Chua YY, Chu MN, Mahadi NF, Wong MS, Yusoff MSB, et al. Investigating validity evidence of the Malay translation of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2018;13(1):1-9.
41. Biksegn A, Kenfe T, Matiwos S, Eshetu G. Burnout status at work among health care professionals in atertiary hospital. Ethiopian journal of health sciences. 2016;26(2):101-8.
42. Nabadda M. Knowledge and perception toward professional burnout among nurses caring for patients with terminal illnesses at Hospice Uganda and Uganda Cancer Institute: International Health Sciences University; 2013.
43. Schwarzer R, Jerusalem M. Generalized self-efficacy scale. Measures in health psychology: A user’s portfolio Causal and control beliefs. 1995;1(1):35-7.
44. Schwarzer R. Everything you always wanted to know about the self-efficacy scale but were afraid to ask. Assessment. 2005;18(3):242-51.
45. Huda B. Burnout and its associated factors among nurses in a tertiary hospital, Malaysia. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences. 2018;5(6):215-27.
46. Ibrahim F, Samsudin EZ, Chen XW, Toha HR. The Prevalence and Work-Related Factors of Burnout Among Public Health Workforce During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. 2022;64(1):e20.
47. Woon LS-C, Tiong CP. Burnout, Mental Health, and Quality of Life Among Employees of a Malaysian Hospital: A Cross-sectional Study. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. 2020;64(9):1007-19.
48. Zakaria MI, Remeli R, Ahmad Shahamir MF, Md Yusuf MH, Azizah Ariffin MA, Noor Azhar AM. Assessment of burnout among emergency medicine healthcare workers in a teaching hospital in Malaysia during COVID-19 pandemic. Hong Kong Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021:1024907921989499.
49. WHO. Human resources for health country profiles 2015: Malaysia. Manila: WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific; 2014.
50. DOSM. Household Income and Basic Amenities Survey Report by State and Administratove District Johor 2019. Department of Statistic Malaysia, Putrajaya Malaysia: Department of Statistic Malaysia; 2020 July 2020.
51. Abdulghafour YA, Bo-hamra AM, Al-Randi MS, Kamel MI, El-Shazly MK. Burnout syndrome among physicians working in primary health care centers in Kuwait. Alexandria Journal of Medicine. 2019;47(4):351-7.
52. Houkes I, Winants Y, Twellaar M, Verdonk P. Development of burnout over time and the causal order of the three dimensions of burnout among male and female GPs. A three-wave panel study. BMC Public health. 2011;11(1):1-13.
53. Džubur A, Lisica D, Abdulahovi? D, Avdi? D, Smajovi? M, Muli? M. Burnout syndrome in primary healthcare professionals. Journal of Health Sciences. 2018;8(2):122-7.
54. Hussein H, Al Faisal W, Wasfy A, Monsef N, AbdulRahim W, El Sawaf E, et al. Burnout among primary health care physicians in Dubai health authority Dubai-UAE. Age. 2016;30(5):4.9.
55. Bhagavathula AS, Abegaz TM, Belachew SA, Gebreyohannes EA, Gebresillassie BM, Chattu VK. Prevalence of burnout syndrome among health-care professionals working at Gondar University Hospital, Ethiopia. J Educ Health Promot. 2018;7:145.
56. Nobre DFR, Rabiais ICM, Ribeiro PCPSV, Seabra PRC. Burnout assessment in nurses from a general emergency service. Revista brasileira de enfermagem. 2019;72:1457-63.
57. LaBelle S. Burnout in the nursing profession: extant knowledge and future directions for research and practice. Nursing Communication. 2021;1(1):7.
58. Zhang Y, Wang C, Pan W, Zheng J, Gao J, Huang X, et al. Stress, burnout, and coping strategies of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan and Shanghai, China. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2020:1154.
59. Karasek Jr RA. Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: Implications for job redesign. Administrative science quarterly. 1979:285-308.
60. Taris TW, Bakker AB, Schaufeli WB, Stoffelsen J, Van Dierendonck D. Job control and burnout across occupations. Psychological Reports. 2005;97(3):955-61.
61. Dubois C-A, Bentein K, Mansour JB, Gilbert F, Bédard J-L. Why some employees adopt or resist reorganization of work practices in health care: associations between perceived loss of resources, burnout, and attitudes to change. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2014;11(1):187-201.
62. Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Bertani M, Bissoli S, Cristofalo D, Marrella G, et al. Influence of perceived organisational factors on job burnout: survey of community mental health staff. The British Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;195(6):537-44.
63. Oosterholt BG, Van der Linden D, Maes JH, Verbraak MJ, Kompier MA. Burned out cognition--cognitive functioning of burnout patients before and after a period with psychological treatment. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2012;38(4):358-69.
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Published
2025-08-28
How to Cite
Rahmat Dapari, Ab Razak, M. F., Hamedon, T. R., & Toha, H. R. (2025). PREVALENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-EFFICACY OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG PRIMARY HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA: PREVALENCE, KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-EFFICACY OF BURNOUT SYNDROME AMONG PRIMARY HEALTHCARE WORKERS IN JOHOR BAHRU, MALAYSIA. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 25(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.25/no.2/art.1845
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