VITAMIN D DEFICIENCY IMPACT ON BONE MINERAL DENSITY, SERUM CALCIUM/PHOSPHATE AND PARATHYROID HORMONE LEVELS IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC FEMALES VERSUS NON-DIABETICS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37268/mjphm/vol.23/no.1/art.1108Keywords:
Vitamin D deficiency, type 2 diabetes, bone mineral density, secondary hyperparathyroidism, hypocalcemiaAbstract
In the last decade, in Iraq, an unexpectedly high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among diabetic and non-diabetic adult patients started to markedly appear, especially among females. Vitamin D deficiency in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) females is expected to add more burden to their complaints. To study the impact of vitamin D deficiency on diabetic females in regard to total serum calcium, phosphate, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral density this study was conducted. The study was achieved in Mosul at a Clinic of Endocrinology and Diabetes. It is a case-control observational study that enrolled 54 non-diabetic (non-DM) and 49 type 2 diabetic adult females with vitamin D deficiency who were age-matched. After measuring serum vitamin D and electing the patients, serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone, total calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase of the enrolled patients were measured, in addition to bone mineral density assessment by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The results were statistically analyzed, examined and compared. There were no significant differences between vitamin D deficient non-DM and T2DM females in regard to proportions of hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia and secondary hyperparathyroidism. However, vitamin D deficient T2DM females showed as twice preponderance to have hypophosphatemia as non-DM female patients (odds ratio: 2.37). Lumbar vertebral and femoral neck osteopenia or osteoporosis affected 75.47% of non-DM vitamin D deficient patients and 76.59% vitamin D deficient T2DM female patients. Femoral neck osteoporosis was significantly more prevalent among vitamin D deficient T2DM female patients (p 0.01). The proportion of osteopenia and osteoporosis of lumbar vertebrae were comparable among vitamin D deficient, diabetic and non-diabetic females. However femoral neck osteoporosis is significantly more prevalent among vitamin D deficient T2DM females than among non-DM females. These findings call for an active workup and care to prevent potential adverse complications in the femoral neck of T2DM patients.
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